Fire doors in non-domestic buildings

Help & Advice > Product Guides > Fire Doors

Every non-domestic building in the UK has to have fire doors installed somewhere in the property. England and Wales building regulations use different parts of Approved Documents to give guidance on how to meet and abide by the legislation for new build properties. The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2006 outlines the guidance and legislation for existing buildings.

Where are fire doors needed in non-domestic buildings?

For non-domestic buildings, the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2006, known as FSO, sets out guidance depending on vertical or horizontal escape routes from the building. This should be assessed on a case-by-case basis depending on the quickest and safest egress from the property. Fire doors should line this route as a minimum requirement. The necessary ratings of those fire doors are usually specified in regard to their position, what’s surrounding them and the nature of the building.

FD30 and FD60 are the most commonly specified fire doors that offer 30 minutes and 60 minutes of fire resistance respectively. If 30 minutes is enough time for the building to evacuate then installers will usually fit these doors. If not, you’ll need an FD60. In cases of protected or listed buildings too then FD60 may be specified as a way of preserving parts of the building should a fire break out. Saving lives always comes first though.

A very common fire door placement is a hotel room door. Each of these must be fire rated to FD30.

Who’s responsible for fire doors in non-domestic buildings?

The aforementioned FSO states that there should be a ‘responsible person’ for each building that’s responsible for carrying out a fire safety risk assessment and implementing a fire management plan. They will be responsible for ensuring that this is all up to date and includes all aspects of the building, including extensions and outbuildings. This individual is also responsible for fire door maintenance and ensuring installers fit them correctly, keeping to the given standard. The ‘responsible person’ law applies to you if you are:

Responsible for business premises or you’re an employer/self-employed with business premises.
A charity or voluntary organisation.
A contractor with a degree of control over any premises or if you’re responsible for any part of a building that is solely used for business purposes.
Providing accommodation for paying guests.

The first concern for any ‘responsible person’ should be fire doors and the condition that they’re in. This includes the ironmongery, hardware, smoke seals and maintenance.

When a building is undergoing any extension/development works, the role of ‘responsible person’ is passed over to the contractor. When they pass the building back, they must provide a detailed and accurate fire safety information pack under Regulation 38 of FSO. It is important to provide as much detail as possible for all fire safety design measures. This will allow the new ‘responsible person’ to maintain and operate the building safely. This information must include all information pertaining to the fire door assembly.

Fire door maintenance and inspections in non-domestic buildings

If a fire door or any part of the fire door set (including ironmongery, hardware and smoke seals) is damaged, then it won’t perform in the event of a fire. This includes protecting against smoke and flames for 30, 60, 90, or 120 minutes, depending on the FD classification. This will jeopardise lives, so the ‘responsible person’ or a certified professional should regularly inspect fire doors. They must account for the condition of fire doors and any fire doors that are awaiting maintenance (to get them to the correct standard). The responsible person should update this in the fire safety risk assessment.

If a fire door is faulty or something is amiss, you should document this and fix it as soon as possible. This may include an issue like the door not closing into its fire door frame properly. It’s also worth double-checking that replacement parts are compatible with the existing fire doorset. You can do this by checking the fire certificate data sheet that comes with all fire-tested components. We recommend carrying out a fire door inspection once every six months. If one door experiences particularly high traffic or is in constant use, conduct an inspection more regularly. FSO as legislation denotes regular inspection and adequate maintenance as a legal requirement.

Use this fire door maintenance checklist from BWF to help you if you’re the ‘responsible person’.